Toxicological

• Damby, D. E., Murphy, F. A., Horwell, C. J., Raftis, J., Donaldson, K., (2016), The in vitro respiratory toxicity of cristobalite-bearing volcanic ash, Environmental Research, 145: 74-84, 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.020
• Huang, Y. C., Li, Z., Harder, S. D., Soukup, J. M., (2004), Apoptotic and inflammatory effects induced by different particles in human alveolar macrophages, Inhalation Toxicology, 16(14), 863-878, 10.1080/08958370490519480
• Agopyan, N., Head, J., Yu, S., Simon, S. A., (2004), TRPV1 receptors mediate particulate matter- induced apoptosis, American Journal of Physiological: Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology, 286(3), L563-72, 10.1152/ajplung.00299.2003
• Veronesi, B., de Haar, C., Lee, L., Oortgiesen, M., (2002), The surface charge of visible particulate matter predicts biological activation in human bronchial epithelial cells, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 178(3), 144-54, 10.1006/taap.2001.9341
• Bonner, J. C., Rice, A. B., Lindroos, P. M., O'Brian, P. O., Dreher, K. L., Rosas, I., Alfaro-Moreno, E., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., (1998), Induction of the lung myofibroblast PDGF receptor system by urban ambient particles in Mexico city, American Journal of Respiratory Cell Molecular Biology, 19, 672-680., 10.1165/ajrcmb.19.4.3176
• Warheit, D. B., Overby, L. H., George, G., Brody, A. R., (1988), Pulmonary macrophages are attracted to inhaled particles through complement activation, Experimental Lung Research, 14(1), 51-66, 10.3109/01902148809062850
• Wehner, A. P., Dagle, G. E. , Clark, M. L. , Buschbom, R. L. , (1986), Lung changes in rats following inhalation exposure to volcanic ash for two years, Environmental Research, 40, 499–517, 10.1016/S0013-9351(86)80125-6
• Martin, T. R., Wehner, A. P., Butler, J., (1986), Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards - the use of experimental systems to estimate the pulmonary toxicity of volcanic ash, American Journal of Public Health, 76(suppl), 59-65, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.59
• Wiester, M. J., Setzer, C. J., Barry, B. E., Mercer, R. R., Grady, M. A., (1985), Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: Respiratory mechanics, airway reactivity and deposition, Environmental Research, 36, 230-240., 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90020-9
• Raub, J. A., Hatch, G. E., Mercer, R. R., Grady, M., Hu, P.-C., (1985), Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: II. Lung function, biochemistry and histology, Environmental Research, 37, 72-83, 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90050-7
• Grose, E. C., Grady, M. A., Illing, J. W., Daniels, M. J., Selgrade, M. K., Hatch, G. E., (1985), Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals: III. Host Defense Mechanisms, Environmental Research, 37, 84-92, 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90051-9
• Wehner, A. P., Wilkerson, C. L., Stevens, D. L. , (1984), Lung clearance of neutron-activated Mount St. Helens ash in the rat, Environmental Research, 35, 211-217, 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90129-4
• Vallyathan, V., Robinson, V., Reasor, M., Stettler, L. E., Bernstein, R., (1984), Comparative in vitro cytotoxicity of volcanic ashes from Mount St Helens, El Chichon, and Galunggung, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 14(5-6), 641-654, 10.1080/15287398409530614
• Martin, T. R., Ayars, G., Butler, J., Altman, L. C., (1984), The comparative toxicity of volcanic ash and quartz. Effects on cells derived from the human lung, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 130(5), 778-782, 10.1164/arrd.1984.130.5.778
• Kornbrust, D. J., Hatch, G. E., (1984), Effect of silica and volcanic ash on the content of lung alveolar and tissue phospholipids, Environmental Research, 35, 140-153, 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90121-X
• Adler, K. B., Mossman, B. T., Butler, G. B., Jean, L. M. , Craighead, J. E., (1984), Interaction of Mount St. Helens’ volcanic ash with cells of the respiratory epithelium, Environmental Research, 35, 346–361., 10.1016/0013-9351(84)90142-7
• Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Tucker, J. H., Green, F. H., (1983), Pulmonary response to Mount St. Helens’ volcanic ash, Environmental Research, 30, 361-371, 10.1016/0013-9351(83)90221-9
• Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Stettler, L. E., Dollberg, D. D., Green, F. H., (1983), Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash: hemolytic activity, Environmental Research, 30, 349-360, 10.1016/0013-9351(83)90220-7
• Sanders, C. L., Rhoads, K., Mahaffey, J. A., (1983), Long-term reactivity of lung and mediastinal lymph nodes following intratracheal instillation of sandy loam soil of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash, Environmental Research, 32, 188-198, 10.1016/0013-9351(83)90205-0
• Martin, T. R., Chi, E. Y., Covert, D. S., Hodson, W. A., Kessler, D. E., Moore, W. E., Altman, L. C., Butler, J., (1983), Comparative effects of inhaled volcanic ash and quartz in rats, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 128(1), 144-152., 10.1164/arrd.1983.128.1.144
• Sanders, C. L., Conklin, A. W., Gelman, R. A., Adee, R. R., Rhoads, K., (1982), Pulmonary toxicity of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash, Environmental Research, 27, 118-135, 10.1016/0013-9351(82)90063-9
• Castranova, V., Bowman, L., Shreve, J. M., Jones, G. S., Miles, P. R., (1982), Volcanic ash: toxicity to isolated lung cells, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 9(2), 317-325, 10.1080/15287398209530164
• Beck, B. D., Brain, J. D., Bohannon, D. E., (1982), The pulmonary toxicity of an ash sample from the Mount St. Helens volcano, Experimental Lung Research, 2, 289-301, 10.3109/01902148109052324
• Akematsu, T, Dodson, R. F., Williams, M. C., Hurst, G. A., (1982), The short-term effects of volcanic ash on the small airways of the respiratory system, Environmental Research, 29, 358–370, 10.1016/0013-9351(82)90037-8
• Green, F. H. Y., Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Tucker, J. H., Merchant, J. A., Kiessling, P. J., Antonius, J. A., Parshley, P., (1981), Is volcanic ash a pneumoconiosis risk?, Nature, 293, 216–217, 10.1038/293216a0
• Fedan, J. S., Ma, J., Fromelel, G., Mentnech, M. S., (1981), Effect of Mount St. Helens ash on the response of rat trachea to smooth muscle agonists, Environmental Research, 26, 497-502, 10.1016/0013-9351(81)90225-5

Reviews/ Overviews

• Horwell, C. J., Baxter, P. J., (2006), The respiratory health hazards of volcanic ash: a review for volcanic risk mitigation, Bulletin of Volcanology, 69, 1-24, 10.1007/s00445-006-0052-y
• Buist, A. S., Berstein, R. S., (1986), Health effects of volcanoes: an approach to evaluating the health effects of an environmental hazard, American Journal of Public Health, 76(suppl), 1-2
• Baxter, P. J., Bernstein, R. S., Buist, A. S., (1986), Preventive health measures in volcanic eruptions, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 84-90, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.84
• Newhall, C. G., Fruchter, J. S., (1986), Volcanic activity: a review for health professionals, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 10-24, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.10
• Bernstein, R. S., Baxter, P. J., Buist, A. S., (1986), Introduction to the epidemiological aspects of explosive volcanism, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 3-9, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.3
• Craighead, J. E., Adler, K. B., Butler, G. B., Emerson, R. J., Mossman, B. T., Woodworth, C. D., (1983), Biology of disease. Health effects on Mount St. Helens volcanic dust, Laboratory Investigation, 48(1), 5-12
• Weill, H., (1981), Risk assessment in volcanic ash exposure, Chest, 80(Suppl. 1), 87S-88S, 10.1378/chest.80.1_Supplement.87S

Physicochemical or geochemical

• Olsen, K. B., Fruchter, J. S., (1986), Identification of the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic hazards, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 45-52, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.45
• Dollberg, D. D., Bolyard, M. L., Smith, D. L. , (1986), Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: crystalline silica in Mount St. Helens volcanic ash , American Journal of Public Health, 76(suppl), 53-58, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.53
• Gage, D. R., Farwell, S. O., (1981), Laser Raman spectrometry for the determination of crystalline silica polymorphs in volcanic ash, Annals of Chemistry, 53, 2123-2127, 10.1021/ac00236a041
• Davis, B. L., Johnson, L. R., Griffen, D. T., Phillips, W. R., Stevens, R. K., Maughan, D., (1981), Quantitative analysis of Mount St. Helens ash by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Journal of Applied Meteorology, 20, 922-933, 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<0922:QAOMSH>2.0.CO;2

Epidemiological, clinical & surveillance

• Buist, A. S., Vollmer, W. M., Johnson, L. R., Bernstein, R. S., McCamant, L. E., (1986), A four-year prospective study of the respiratory effects of volcanic ash from Mt. St. Helens, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 133(4), 526-534, 10.1164/arrd.1986.133.4.526
• Shore, J. H., Tatum, E. L., Vollmer, W. M., (1986), Psychiatric reactions to disaster: the Mount St. Helens experience, American Journal of Psychiatry, 143(5), 590-5, 10.1176/ajp.143.5.590
• Shore, J. H., Tatum, E. L., Vollmer, W. M., (1986), Evaluation of mental effects of disaster, Mount St. Helens eruption, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 76-83, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.76
• Murphy, S. A., (1986), Status of natural disaster victims' health and recovery 1 and 3 years later, Research in Nursing and Health, 9(4), 331-40, 10.1002/nur.4770090410
• Bernstein, R. S., Baxter, P. J., Falk, H., Ing, R., Foster, L., Frost, F., (1986), Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18- October 18, 1980, American Journal of Public Health, 76(suppl), 25-37, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.25
• Kraemer, M. J., McCarthy, M. M., (1985), Childhood asthma hospitalization rates in Spokane County, Washington, Journal of Asthma, 22, 37-43, 10.3109/02770908509079882
• Murphy, S. A., (1984), After Mount St. Helens: Disaster stress research, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 22(7), 9-18
• Weniger, B. G., Blaser, M. J., Gedrose, J., Lippy, E. C., Juranek, D. D., (1983), An outbreak of waterborne giardiasis associated with heavy water runoff due to warm weather and volcanic ashfall, American Journal of Public Health, 73(8), 868-872, 10.2105/AJPH.73.8.868
• Vallyathan, V., Mentnech, M. S., Tucker, J. H., Green, F. H., (1983), Pulmonary response to Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash, Environmental Research, 30(2), 361-371., 10.1016/0013-9351(83)90221-9
• Olenchock, S. A., Mull, J. C., Mentnech, M. S., Lewis, D. M., Bernstein, R. S., (1983), Changes in humoral immunologic parameters after exposure to volcanic ash, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 11(3), 395-404., 10.1080/15287398309530353
• Fraunfelder, F. T., Kalina, R. E., Buist, A. S., Johnson, D. S., (1983), Ocular effects following the volcanic eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Archives of Ophthalmology, 101, 376-378., 10.1001/archopht.1983.01040010376003
• Buist, A. S., Johnson, L. R., Vollmer, W. M., Sexton, G. J., Kanarek, P. H., (1983), Acute effects of volcanic ash from Mount Saint Helens on lung function in children, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 127, 714-719, 10.1164/arrd.1983.127.6.714
• Baxter, P. J., Ing, R., Falk, H., Plikaytis, B., (1983), Mount St. Helens eruptions: the acute respiratory effects of volcanic ash in a North American community, Archives of Environmental Health, 38, 138-143, 10.1080/00039896.1983.10543994
• Parshley, P., Kiessling, P. J., Antonius, J. A., Connell, R. S., Miller, S. H., Green, F. H. Y., (1982), Pyroclastic flow injury: Mount St. Helens, May 18, 1980., The American Journal of Surgery, 143(5), 565-568, 10.1016/0002-9610(82)90163-5
• Nania, J. M., Bruya, T. E., (1982), In the wake of Mount St. Helens, Annals of Emergency Medicine, 11, 184-191, 10.1016/S0196-0644(82)80495-2
• Johnson, K. A., Loftsgaarden, D. O., Gideon, R. A., (1982), The effects of Mount St. Helens ash on the pulmonary function of 120 elementary school children, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 126, 1066-1069, 10.1164/arrd.1982.126.6.1066
• Eisele, J. W., O’Halloran, R. L. , Reay, D. T. , Lindholm, G. R. , Lewman, L. V., Brady, W. J. , (1981), Deaths during the May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens, The New England Journal of Medicine, 305:931– 936

Epidemiological, clinical & surveillance, Physicochemical or geochemical, Reviews/ Overviews

• Buist, A. S., Martin, T. R., Shore, J. H., Butler, J., Lybarger, J. A., (1986), The development of a multidisciplinary plan for evaluation of the long-term health effects of the Mount St. Helens eruptions, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 39-44, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.39
• Merchant, J. A., Baxter, P. J., Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M., Falk, H., Stein, G. F., Ing, R., Attfield, M., (1982), Health implications of the Mount St. Helens eruption: epidemiological considerations, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 26, 911-919, 10.1093/annhyg/26.8.911
• Baxter, P. J., Ing, R., Falk, H., French, J., Stein, G. F., Bernstein, R. S., Merchant, J. A., Allard, J., (1981), Mount St Helens eruptions, May 18 to June 12, 1980. An overview of the acute health impact, JAMA, 246, 2585-9, 10.1001/jama.1981.03320220035021

Epidemiological, clinical & surveillance, Reviews/ Overviews

• Buist, A. S., Bernstein, R. S., Johnson, L. R., Vollmer, W. M., (1986), Evaluation of physical health effects due to volcanic hazards: human studies, American Journal of Public Health, 76(Suppl), 66-75, 10.2105/AJPH.76.Suppl.66
• Buist, A. S., (1982), Are volcanoes hazardous to your health? What have we learned from Mount St Helens?, Western Journal of Medicine, 137(4), 294

Physicochemical or geochemical, Toxicological

• Graham, J. A., Miller, F. J., Davies, D. W., Hiteshew, M. E., Walsh, L. C., (1985), Inhalation studies of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash in animals. I. Introduction and exposure system, Environmental Research, 37(1), 61-71, 10.1016/0013-9351(85)90049-0
• Green, F. H. Y., Bowman, L., Castranova, V., Dollberg, D. D., Elliot, J. A., Fedan, J. S., Hahon, N., Judy, D. J., Major, P. C., Mentnech, M. S., Miles, P. R., Mull, J. C., Olenchock, S. A., Ong, T., Pailes, W. M., Resnick, H., Stettler, L. E., Tucker, J. G., Vallyathan, V., Whong, W., (1982), Health implications of the Mount St. Helens’ eruption: Laboratory investigations, Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 26, 921-933, 10.1093/annhyg/26.8.921
• Dodson, R. F., Martin, R. R., O'Sullivan, M. F., Hurst, G. A., (1982), In vitro response of human pulmonary macrophages with volcanic ash: a morphological study', Experimental Molecular Pathology, 37, 406-412, 10.1016/0014-4800(82)90052-1
• Schiff, L. J., Byrne, M. M., Elliott, S. F., Moore, S. J., Ketels, K. V., Graham, J. A., (1981), Response of hamster trachea in organ culture to Mount St. Helens volcano ash, Scanning Electron Microscopy, 11, 169-178
• Fruchter, J. S., Robertson, D. E., Evans, J. C., Olsen, K. B., Lepel, E. A., Laul, J. C., Abel, K. H., Sanders, R. W., Jackson, P. O., Wogman, N. S., Perkins, R. W., Vant Tuyl, R. L., Beauchamp, R. H., Shade, J. W., Daniel, J. L., Erikson, R. L., Sehmel, G. A., Lee, R. N., Robinson, A. V., Moss, O. R., Briant, J. K., Cannon, W. C. , (1980), Mount St. Helens ash from the 18 May 1980 eruption: Chemical, physical, mineralogical and biological properties, Science, 209, 1116-1125., 10.1126/science.209.4461.1116

Epidemiological, clinical & surveillance, Social research

• Murphy, S. A., (1984), Stress levels and health status of victims of a natural disaster, Research in Nursing and Health, 7(3), 205-15, 10.1002/nur.4770070309

Reviews/ Overviews, Toxicological

• Martin, T. R., Wehner, A. P., Butler, J., (1983), Pulmonary toxicity of Mt. St. Helens volcanic ash: a review of experimental studies, American Review of Respiratory Disease, 128, 158-162, 10.1164/arrd.1983.128.1.158

Epidemiological, clinical & surveillance, Toxicological

• Bernstein, R. S., McCawley, M. A., Attfield, M. D., Green, F. H. Y., Olenchock, S. A., Dollberg, D. D., (1981), Evaluation of the potential pulmonary hazards of breathing-zone exposures to Mount St. Helens volcanic ash in loggers: the results of short-term toxicological, environmental and epidemiological studies, NIOSH, Na.